Diagnosis should be considered in any individual over 5 years old with severe dehydration from diarrhea, regardless of exposure to an endemic area, and any patient over 2 years old with watery diarrhea in an endemic area.
对任何一个5岁以上由于腹泻造成的严重脱水的患者，不论是否到过霍乱流行区，都要考虑霍乱的可能性。在霍乱流行区，任何一个2岁以上有稀水便的病人，都要考虑霍乱。

Patients with severe cholera can stool as much as 1 L an hour. Replacing fluids is the most important part of treatment with oral rehydration being used as soon as possible. Oral rehydrationtherapy provides better potassium, carbohydrate, and bicarbonate replacement than most IV fluid solutions. Antibiotics will also decrease volume and duration of stooling but are only recommended in moderate to severe illness. Antiemetics are not useful because they can make patients sleepy and will reduce their ability to rehydrate orally. Antimotility medications will prolong the duration of illness.
严重霍乱病人可每小时排稀便1升以上。因此，补水是最重要的治疗手段。口服补液开始的越早越好，因为口服补液要比任何静脉液体提供更合理的钾，氯，和碳酸钠成分。虽然抗菌素会减少排便量和缩短腹泻时间，但只用于中重度的患者。止吐药没有什么临床价值，因为它们会使病人感觉疲倦和嗜睡，达不到口服补液的效果。抗腹泻药会延长疾病的时间。

Harris JB, LaRocque RC, Qadri F, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB.Cholera. Lancet. 2012 Jun 30;379(9835):2466-2476.