Hantavirus (Sin Nombre Virus)
汉滩病毒（辛诺柏病毒）
• General Information
• 一般资料
o Organism: Bunyaviridae virus
o 致病菌：布尼亚病毒 （Bunyaviridae)
o Infection occurs through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with rodent urine or feces.
o 感染途径：吸入有啮齿动物尿或粪便污染的空气微粒
o Animal reservoir – rodents
o 动物宿主：啮齿动物
o Seen more commonly in the southwestern United States
o 常见于美国的西南部
o Death occurs from decreased cardiac output and circulatory failure.
o 死因多源于心输出量下降和循环衰竭
• Clinical Presentation
• 临床表现
o Initial symptoms are nonspecific: fever, malaise, and myalgia; but can progress to fulminant ARDS-like picture in previously health young patients.
o 发病症状都不特异：发烧，乏力，和肌肉酸痛；但在健康的年轻病人中会恶化成成人呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）
o Two syndromes
o 两类症状
 Hantapulmonary syndrome (HPS)
 Hantapulmonary综合征（HPS）
• Pulmonary symptoms follow the initial prodrome and include tachypnea, hypoxia, and respiratory distress; pulmonary involvement can rapidly progress to ARDS.
• 前期症状后的肺部表现包括：心动过速，缺氧，和呼吸困难；会很快进入ARDS。
 Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
 出血热伴肾脏损伤（HFRS）
• Hematologic dysfunction with hemorrhage, retroperitoneal fluids, renal failure, shock.
• 血液系统的功能紊乱，导致出血，腹膜后液体，肾衰，休克
• Diagnosis
• 诊断
o The diagnosis must initially be made clinically.
o 最初诊断要依赖临床表现
o Lab tests may reveal nonspecific findings of thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, and renal failure.
o 实验室检查可发现非特异的血小板减低，血液浓缩，和肾脏功能衰竭
o Chest film will demonstrate bilateral interstitial infiltrates.
o 胸片显示双侧间质渗出
o PCR can demonstrate hantavirus-specific antibodies.
o PCR显示汉滩病毒特异性抗体
• Treatment
• 治疗
o There is no specific therapy for hantavirus infection; Treatment is primarily supportive, with attention to respiratory status and oxygenation.
o 对汉滩病毒感染没有特异性的治疗；主要是以保持通气和氧和为主的呼吸支持
 

University of Maryland Section for Global Emergency Health
Author: Andi Tenner

Translated by Feng Xiao
翻译：肖锋

References:
Center for Disease Control. (2012). Hantavirus. Retrieved September 3, 2012, from http://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/index.html
Berger, S. A., Calisher, C. H., and Keystone, J. H., (2003). Exotic Viral Disease: A Global Guide. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker.