Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as “sleeping sickness”
非洲人类锥虫病， 又称‘嗜睡病’

　　A parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of the 'Glossina' insect (tsetse fly.)
　　一种由‘舌蝇’的昆虫 (采采蝇)传播的寄生虫病
　　
The disease is most prevalent in rural areas of Africa. Untreated, it is usually fatal. Infection with the genus Trypanosoma brucei gambiense may lead to chronic asymptomatic illness.
此病在非洲边远地区最为流行。如不治疗，常危及生命。由布氏冈比亚锥虫所致的感染常会演变成慢性无症状疾病。
　　
　　Travelers to endemic areas in Africa are risk becoming infected.
　　到非洲流行区的旅游者具有受到感染的危险。
　　
　　Symptoms resemble a viral illness; headaches, fever, weakness, pain in the joints, and stiffness. The parasite is able to crosses the blood-brain barrier and causes neurological symptoms, mainly psychiatric disorders, seizures, coma and ultimately death.
　　症状与病毒感染相似：头痛，发烧，乏力，关节痛，和关节僵硬。寄生虫可以通过血脑屏障，造成神经系统症状，如精神紊乱，癫痫，昏迷，最终导致死亡。
　　
　　Diagnosis is by serological tests (Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test or CATT). Confirmation of infection requires the performance of parasitological tests to demonstrate the presence of trypanosomes in the patient.
　　诊断要通过血清学检查（锥虫凝集卡试验，CATT）。确定诊断需要在病人体内查到锥虫的存在。
　　
　　Treatment: four drugs are registered for the treatment of HAT: pentamidine, suramin, melarsoprol and eflornithine.
　　治疗：下面4个要可以用来治疗非洲人类锥虫病。苏拉明，喷他脒，硫胂密胺和依氟鸟氨酸。
Reference参考文献: World Health Organization. (2010). Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases. First WHO report on neglected tropical diseases. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564090_eng.pdf. Last accessed 12/17/2012