General Information:
基本信息：
Millions of people around the world (including our patients who travel and victims of disasters like Hurricane Sandy) are exposed to non-potable water.
全世界有成百或上千万的人饮用非饮用水，包括旅游者和向Sandy飓风这样自然灾害的受害者。
How to treat contaminated water:
如何处理污染的水：
Filter cloudy water through a clean cloth or allow to settle prior to treatment
处理前可用干净的衣服将水滤过，或放置沉淀。
The safest method is boiling water vigorously for 1 minute (or, at least 3 minutes at altitudes >6,000ft)
最有效的方法是将水烧沸腾（煮沸）1分钟（如在海拔超过6000英尺的地方，至少需要3分钟）。
Chemical disinfection is not as effective, but, if boiling is unavailable use either:
虽然化学处理不是同样有效，但在没有加热条件下，可采用：
2 drops of unscented bleach (5.52% Cl) per quart/liter of water. (Unknown strength? Add 10 drops per quart/liter.)
每升水中加入2滴无味含5.52％氯或10滴不知氯浓度的漂白剂 .
-Or- 或
5 drops of tincture of 2% iodine per quart/liter.
每升水中加入5滴含2％碘的碘酒。
If the water is cloudy or cold, double the chlorine or iodine.
如果水是浑浊或冷的，要放入双倍的氯或碘。
Notes: Pregnant women or people with thyroid conditions should not use iodine
注意：怀孕或有甲状腺问题的人不要用碘。
UV decontamination can be accomplished by leaving clear bottles of water in direct sun for >6 hours or special equipment, but requires clear water
利用紫外线消毒时，可将透明瓶子装的水放在阳光直晒处6小时以上，或用特殊的设备消毒，但水要清。
Boiling, Chlorine/Iodine, and UV will kill viruses, bacteria, and Giardia
煮沸，氯／碘，或紫外线将杀死病毒，细菌，和贾第鞭毛虫。
Only Boiling kills Cryptosporidium
只有热沸腾才能杀死隐狍子虫。
Bottom Line:
要点：
If bottled water is available, use it.
争取饮用瓶装水。
If not, boil your water.
如没有瓶装水，煮沸
In order to treat for a wide variety of pathogens, it is best to combine available methods.
为达到更广泛的处理致病菌的作用，最好将上述方法联合使用。

University of Maryland Section for Global Emergency Health
马里兰大学国际急诊健康部
Author作者: Andi Tenner

References参考文献:
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Water Health Series: Filtration Facts. 2005.
http://water.epa.gov/drink/info/upload/2005_11_17_faq_fs_healthseries_filtration.pdf. Accessed 11/27/12.

United States Environmental Protection Agenecy. Emergency Disinfection of Drinking Water. 2006. http://water.epa.gov/drink/emerprep/emergencydisinfection.cfm. Accessed 11/27/12.

United States Center for Disease Control. Water Treatment Methods. 2011. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/water-treatment.htm Accessed 11/27/12.