Title: Can your breath predict fluid responsiveness?
题目：你的呼吸能够预测对液体复苏的反应吗？
Author 作者: Haney Mallemat

Fluid boluses are often administered to patients in shock as a first-line intervention to increase cardiac output. Previous literature states, however, that only 50% of patients in shock will respond to a fluid bolus. 
作为第一线的增加心输出量治疗措施，休克病人经常接受快速静脉输液。然而，过去的文献显示，只有50％的休克病人会对快速液体注入有反应。
Several validated techniques exist to distinguish which patients will respond to a fluid bolus and which will not; one method is the passive leg raise (PLR) maneuver. A drawback to PLR is that it requires direct measurement of cardiac output, either by invasive hemodynamic monitoring or using advanced bedside ultrasound techniques.
有几个已被证实的方法能够区分哪些病人会对快速液体注入有反应，哪些病人不会有反应。其中的一个办法是被动抬腿试验（PLR）。 PLR试验的一个缺点是，它需要通过侵入性血流动力学监测或使用高级的床旁超声技术直接测量心输出量。
Another technique to quantify changes in cardiac output is through measurement of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2). The benefits of measuring ETCO2 is that it can be continuously measured and can be performed non-invasively on mechanically ventilated patients.
另一种可以反应心输出量量化改变的指标是测量潮气末二氧化碳（ETCO2）。测量ETCO2的好处是，它可以连续地监测，并可以非侵入性地在机械通气患者中使用。
A 5% or greater increase in ETCO2 following a PLR maneuver has been found to be a good predictor of fluid responsiveness with reliability similar to invasive measures.
 在PLR后超过5％的ETCO2增加已被证实是一个同侵入性措施同样可靠的预测对液体复苏反应程度的指标。
References 参考文献：
Monnet, X. et al. End-tidal carbon dioxide is better than arterial pressure for predicting volume responsiveness by the passive leg raising test. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Jan;39(1):93-100.