Title: Pediatric Emergency Care Guidelines
题目：国际儿科急诊医疗指南
Author 作者: Andrea Tenner

General Information 一般资料:
An estimated 70 children in the world die every 5 minutes-- 99% of these deaths are from developing countries, half in Sub-Saharan Africa , and two-thirds from preventable or easily treatable causes.  
世界上大概每5分钟会有70名儿童死亡- 99％的死亡是来自发展中国家，一半在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，其中三分之二死于可预防或可治疗的原因。
Area of the world affected 受影响的国际地区:
One study examining the quality of hospital emergency care of 131 children in 21 hospitals in 7 developing countries found:
通过对7个发展中国家的21家医院的131名儿童在医院的急诊治疗的质量研究发现：
·       66% of hospitals did not have adequate triage; 41% of patients had inadequate initial assessment;
66％的医院没有合理的分诊，41％的患者没有合理的初步评估;
·       44% received inappropriate treatment and 30% had insufficient monitoring.
44％的患者接受了不恰当的治疗，30％没有足够的监测。
·       Frequent essential drugs, laboratory and radiology services supply outages
频繁的基本药物，实验室和放射学服务供应中断
·       Staffing and knowledge shortages for medical and nursing personnel
医护人员配备和知识的短缺

Bottom Line 要点:
The IFEM International Standards for Emergency Care of Children provide an excellent resource for both clinicians and hospital managers in developing countries.
国际急诊医学联合会（IFEM）发表的儿童紧急医疗国际标准为发展中国家的医生和医院管理者提供了一个很好的资源。
 
References 参考文献：
 
Lozano R, Wang H, Foreman KJ, Rajaratnam JK, Naghavi M, Marcus JR, et al. Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet 2011;378(9797):1139–65.
You D, Jones G, Hill K, Wardlaw T, Chopra M. Levels and trends in child mortality, 1990-2009. Lancet 2010;376(9745):931–3.
Cheema B. International standards of care for children in emergency centres – do they apply to Africa? African Journal of Emergency Medicine (2013) 3, 50–51
Nolan T, Angos P, Cunha AJ, Muhe L, Qazi S, Simoes EA, Tamburlini G, Weber M, Pierce NF. Quality of hospital care for seriously ill children in less-developed countries. Lancet 2001 Jan 13;357(9250):106–10.
International Standards for Emergency Care of Children in Emergency Departments. Full Document Available from: http://www.ifem.cc/Resources/PoliciesandGuidelines.aspx