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感染性疾病

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降钙素原指导上呼吸道感染的抗生素治疗
原作者: Feras Khan, 肖锋译 发布日期:2013-10-08

Title: Procalcitonin Algorithms to Guide Antibiotic Therapy in Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs). 
题目:降钙素原指导上呼吸道感染(URI)的抗生素治疗
Author 作者: Feras Khan

Background 背景:
Antibiotics are prescribed commonly for URIs including acute bronchitis and community acquired pneumonia.
对上呼吸道感染(URI)包括急性支气管炎和社区获得性肺炎(CAP)使用抗生素是常见的。
Antibiotic prescriptions for non-bacterial causes of URIs lead to antibiotic overuse, which can lead to antibiotic resistance and risk of Clostridium difficile.
对非细菌性URI使用抗生素将导致抗生素的过度使用,增加抗生素耐药性和产生难辨梭状芽孢杆菌感染的风险。
Procalcitonin is a biomarker for bacterial infections and is released in response to bacterial toxins during infections.
降钙素原是细菌感染的生物指标,在感染过程中对细菌毒素的反应而释放。
Several algorithms using procalcitonin have been developed to help guide antibiotic treatment of URIs based on blood levels and to aid discontinuing antibiotics when procalcitonin levels have returned to normal, leading to decreased use and length of antibiotic treatment courses. 
已有几种根据血中降钙素原水平指导抗生素在URI中的应用和当降钙素原恢复正常时可停止抗生素的方案,进而减少了抗生素的应用并缩短了疗程。

Clinical Question 临床问题:
Does measurement of procalcitonin lead to shorter antibiotic exposure without increasing mortality and treatment failure?
测量降钙素原在不增加死亡率和治疗失败条件下可缩短抗生素的应用吗?

Meta-analysis Meta分析:
14 trials;2004-11; 4211 patients with a variety of URI severity and type including CAP and COPD exacerbations.
14个临床研究; 2004-11年; 4211个严重程度和类型不同的URI病人,包括CAP和慢性阻塞性肺病急性发作。
Inpatient and outpatient settings
住院和门诊
Compared to regular antibiotic treatment without procalcitonin level guidance.
与没有用降钙素原水平指导的常规抗生素治疗进行对比。
Primary outcomes: All cause mortality and treatment failure within 30 days.
主要指标:在30天内任何原因死亡和治疗失败

Conclusions 结论:
No increase in all-cause mortality using procalcitonin algorithms versus standard therapy in any clinical setting or type of URI (5.7% vs. 6.3%, respectively).
使用降钙素原与标准治疗相比,不论在医院和门诊或各类型的URI都没有增加各种原因的死亡率(分别为5.7 %和6.3 % ) 。
Treatment failure was LOWER for procalcitonin guided patients in the ED [OR 0.76 (95% CI, 0.61-0.95)].
在急诊科使用降钙素原来指导病人的治疗失败率较低[OR 0.76 (95% CI, 0.61-0.95)]。
Lower antibiotic exposure due to lower prescription rate in COPD exacerbations and bronchitis.
减少了COPD和支气管炎抗生素的使用率

Limitations 文章缺点:
Non-blinded to outcome assessment.
对实验指标不盲
Adherence to algorithms was variable.
对方案的执行情况有异
Immunosuppressed patients and children were excluded.
有免疫抑制病人和儿童被排除

Bottom Line 要点:
Another tool to help aid clinical decision making regarding antibiotic treatment
做为另外一个帮助决定是否需用抗生素的指标
Test is around $25-30 and takes about 1 hour to run
检查大概需要25-30美元,一个小时出结果
Low levels may indicate a non-bacterial cause of infection.
低水平可能意味着非细菌感染

References 参考文献:
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Procalcitonin Algorithms to Guide Antibiotic Therapy in Respiratory Tract Infections
Philipp Schuetz, MD, MPH; Matthias Briel, MD, MSc; Beat Mueller, MD
JAMA. 2013;309(7):717-718. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.697.
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1653510