Title: The Critically Ill Patient with Ebola Virus Disease
题目：埃博拉病毒病的危重症患者
Author 作者: Michael Winters
翻译：江利冰 校对：肖锋

•The current outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is the largest ever recorded and has been declared "a public health emergency of international concern" by the WHO.
•目前爆发的埃博拉病毒病是有史以来规模最大的一次，被世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。
•Pearls regarding critically ill patients within the current EVD outbreak include:
•关于目前爆发的埃博拉病毒病的要点包括：
Clinical Features
临床特点
Tachycardia, tachypnea, oliguria, and alterations in mental status are common and generally seen about 7-12 days after symptom onset.
在发现症状后的7-12天，经常会出现心动过速、呼吸急促、尿少，以及神志的改变。
Shock is often due to profound hypovolemia from GI losses.
休克常常是因为消化道丢失引起的严重的低血容量。
Hemorrhage is a late finding and most often manifests as lower GIB.
出血是一种晚期的临床表现，常常表现为下消化道出血。
Labs
实验室检查
Common lab abnormalities include hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, and lactic acidosis.
常见的实验室异常包括：低钾血症、低钙血症、低白蛋白血症以及乳酸酸中毒。
Treatment
治疗
The mainstay of treatment is aggressive fluid resuscitation and electrolyte repletion (especially potassium).
主要的治疗方法是积极的液体复苏以及电解质的补充（尤其是钾）。
Blood products can be administered for those with coagulopathy and hemorrhage.
对于那些存在凝血功能障碍和出血的患者可以输注血制品。
Empiric antibiotics and antimalarial medications should be considered while awaiting confirmatory testing for EVD.
在等待埃博拉病毒病的确认试验结果时，可以考虑经验性使用抗生素和抗疟疾的药。

References 参考文献
Fowler RA, et al. Caring for Critically Ill Patients with Ebola Virus Disease. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2014; 190:733-737.