Title: Back 2 Basic Series: Under Pressure - Vasopressors Part I
题目：回到基础理论系列：低血压—血管升压药 第一部分
Author 作者: Haney Mallemat
翻译：李辉 校对：肖锋

Vasopressors are used in shock-states to increase mean arterial pressure (MAP) and improve distal tissue perfusion. Additionally, some agents have effects on the heart to augment cardiac output.
血管升压药用于休克状态以提高平均动脉压（MAP）以及改善末梢组织灌注。此外，一些药物可以作用于心脏，增加心输出量。
Receptors that vasopressors work on include:
血管加压药物作用的受体包括：
• Alpha-1: increase arterial tone (increases MAP) and venous tone to reduce venous pooling and augment cardiac preload
• α-1：增加动脉张力（增加平均动脉压）；增加静脉张力，减轻静脉淤血，增加心脏前负荷。
• Beta-1: increase inotropy and chronotropy on heart muscle; also increases arterial tone
• β-1：增强心肌的收缩力和心率变律性，同时也增加动脉张力
• Beta-2 and Dopamine: cause vasodilation but may actually be beneficial because this increases perfusion to cardiac, renal, and GI tissues.
• β-2和多巴胺：会导致血管舒张，实际上但却有益，因其增加了心脏、肾脏和胃肠组织灌注。
• V1: arterial vasoconstriction to increase MAP
• V1：动脉收缩以增加平均动脉压
• The chart below is a summary; please note that quoted receptor effects vary depending on the source reviewed
• 下面的表格是一个概要；请注意引证的受体效应因参考文献不同可能会有变化。
Norepinephrine (NE): excellent vasopressor for most types of shock and recommended as a first-line agent in the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines.
去甲肾上腺素（NE）：极佳的血管加压药物，适用于大多数类型的休克，在脓毒症救治指南中被推荐为一线用药。
-Works on alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors.
-作用于α-1、β-1、β-2受体
-Initial dosing 0.05 mcg/kg/min with a maximum dose often cited as 0.5 mcg/kg/min (though there is technically no maximum dose).
-起始剂量为0.05 mcg/kg/min，通常使用的最大剂量为0.5 mcg/kg/min（虽然实际应用中并没有最大剂量）。
Epinephrine (a.k.a. Adrenaline): in several countries the first-line agent for shock (including sepsis).
肾上腺素：在很多国家是抗休克的一线用药（包括脓毒症）
• Works similarly to NE on alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-2; it is a more potent inotrope than NE.
• 作用受体类似于NE，包括α-1、β-1、β-2受体；是一种比去甲肾上腺素更强的强心药物。
• One downside is the production of lactic acid, which can sometimes lead to confusion when following serial lactates during resuscitation.
• 一个负面作用就是产生乳酸，有的时候会与复苏过程中乳酸增加混淆。