原作者： Fermin Barrueto,肖锋译 文章来源： 《中华急诊医学杂志》编辑部 发布日期：2013-04-25
Title: Ricin - of course
题目：蓖麻毒素（美国国会大厦4月6日事件的启示）
Author 作者: Fermin Barrueto
On 4/16/2013, the United States Capitol Police (USCP) was notified by the Senate mail handling facility that it received an envelope containing a white granular substance. The envelope was immediately quarantined by the facility's personnel and USCP HAZMAT responded to the scene. Preliminary tests indicate the substance found was Ricin.
2013年4月16日，美国参议院邮件处理机构告汇美国国会大厦警察（USCP），他们收到一个信封，里面有白色颗粒状物质。设施人员将信封立即隔离，USCP危险品控制局马上到了现场。初步测试表明，该物质是蓖麻毒素。
A few notes about ricin seems appropriate:
对蓖麻毒素的认识有如下几点：
Easy to make from castor bean though heat labile
虽然热不稳定，容易从蓖麻子豆中提取
No antidote, though Fab like digibind is in development
没有解药，虽然与地高辛特异性抗体（digibind）类式的解药（FAB）正在开发中
Granule size of the grain of sand can kill
一粒沙子的颗粒就可致死
Inhalation, IM, IV all effective
吸入，肌注，静注有同样效果
After immediate exposure likely no symptoms
接触后可能不会马上出现症状
Vomiting and diarrhea initially, acute lung injury and death in 3-5 days
最初会出现呕吐和腹泻，在3-5天内出现急性肺损伤以至死亡
Reference 参考文献：
CDC website: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/ricin
